The Concern Of The Cashmere Wool Industry

Speaking of cashmere wool, many people know that " Cashmere "Is the abbreviation of cashmere fiber, wool is sheep's hair cut. The former is known as "soft gold" because of its low output and high price. The latter has large yield and large quantity, and can be woven into worsted and worsted fabrics, but it is also a valuable natural fiber.

Reporters interviewed found that in recent years, the quality of cashmere wool has been declining all over the world. The whole industry chain is worried about the quality of cashmere wool, especially the fineness of cashmere fiber becomes thicker, and even it is difficult to detect cashmere or wool by testing.

The quality of "fluff" is declining.

Xinjiang, as the main production area of cashmere and fine wool resources in China, has about 2000000 farmers and herdsmen in breeding fine wool sheep and goats. At present, the quantity and quality of fine wool and cashmere in Xinjiang occupy the leading level in the country.

"At the auction of wool market in Nanjing in 2004, a group of high quality wool tested by our bureau exported to Germany, which opened the way for the export of China's raw wool. At present, about 29 thousand tons of fine wool and improved wool are produced each year, accounting for 24% of the national market, accounting for the whole country. Spin Use 8% of wool. Cashmere is about 1000 tons, accounting for about 12% of the national market. " The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Fiber Inspection Bureau Plush hemp silk chemical fiber testing and testing center director Wang Xu told reporters.

He also said that in recent years, Xinjiang fine wool sheep farming has been sharply reduced, but the phenomenon of reverse transformation is serious. Take Yili as an example, in the 90s of last century, fine wool sheep reached 2 million 800 thousand, 70% belonged to Merino fine wool sheep, and the annual output of fine wool was 8000 tons. But now the fine wool sheep stock has dropped to 500 thousand, Merino fine wool sheep only 30%, and the annual fine wool is less than 2000 tons. The crossbreeding of native sheep, mutton sheep and fine wool sheep was serious. The formation of meat sheep almost "eat" the situation of fine wool sheep.

Qinghai is also one of the main producing areas of Chinese wool cashmere, though there are some fine wool improved wool, but 80% is mainly wool, Xining wool, mainly used for carpet spinning. Chen Jiangtao, deputy director of Qinghai Fiber Inspection Bureau, told reporters: "in recent years, the quality of wool has been retrogressive throughout the whole country. The quality of fine wool is degraded and production is reduced. The problem of reverse conversion in pastoral areas is very serious. Judging from the cashmere in Qinghai, the quality of the cashmere decreased significantly. Under microscope, there are often 10% to 15% variation fibers, obviously cashmere, but they look similar to wool. Chen Jiangtao regrets: the cashmere flakes are thin and feel very slippery. They are very glutinous, and can be dressed closely. But now they are obviously changed. The decline of quality has obviously affected the market position of cashmere, and cashmere is no longer "soft gold".

Yang Suying, chief of Hebei Fiber Inspection Bureau and cashmere product quality supervision and inspection center, is also very impressed with the decline of cashmere quality in recent years: "the cashmere fineness is getting thicker and the velvet handle is getting worse and worse, and the cashmere that can make white Mid White is also less and less." According to her introduction, "in recent years, herdsmen and some enterprises have been introducing the cashmere goat varieties with high cashmere quality and coarse fleece to seek short-term benefits, resulting in the change of whiteness, fineness and length of local cashmere. Judging from the data we have measured over the past few years, the cashmere fineness is less than 15 microns, basically in the range of 15 microns to 16 microns, and some have reached 17 microns. The blind introduction of the cashmere goat has caused great losses.

It is understood that the fineness of some goat breeds can reach 13.1 to 15.2 microns, and the length is 36 millimeters. The whiteness of products produced from these cashmere can reach about 69, which is unmatched by other varieties. "But now, because of crossbreeding with meat sheep and high-yield sheep, there are less than 1/3 of this sheep." Yang Suying was very sorry.

　 Why is the decline in quality?

What led to the decline of cashmere wool quality? Chen Jiangtao explained the reasons for the decline in quality from the perspective of aquaculture: "in the past, the meat quality of Qinghai area was light, because the price difference between mutton and soil wool reached three times, so the herdsmen mainly considered the meat value of sheep. Fine wool sheep

The level of production management requirements is high, such as Australia, wool production management requirements "four identical": same age, sex, type, and environment. Qinghai was raised by herdsmen and scattered farmers without such management.

There are two reasons for the deterioration of the quality of wool cashmere. One is that fine wool sheep are interbred or embryo transfer with Australian Merino sheep. The 70% origin is from Australia, and its cold tolerance and viability are far less than that of indigenous sheep, and the cost of fine wool sheep is increased. Two, the low price of wool has dampened the enthusiasm of farmers and herdsmen in developing fine wool sheep. Wang Xu looked worried. The situation of Xinjiang fine wool sheep industry is not optimistic. There are three main problems: first, the mixed sale. Mixed acquisition and mixed sales are three types of wool, including fine wool, improved wool and native wool, which are purchased and sold at different levels. This phenomenon is very common in the whole region. The direct harm of this is that good wool mixed with ordinary wool and high grade wool is mixed with low grade wool, resulting in excellent wool being unable to make good use, and superior wool can not get the best price. Two, we do not pay the net gross price. According to the net gross price settlement price, it is a common practice for wool trading in the world. This can maximize the fair trade and fundamentally eliminate adulteration, adulteration and adulteration. The three is the imperfect market management system. At present, the wool management system in our district is highly unsuited to the standardization, standardization and scale operation of the modern market economy. It is mainly manifested in four aspects: one is the non-standard means of operation and management, so that some harmful substances, such as foreign fibers, can be mixed into wool, which will damage the quality of wool and reduce the use value. Secondly, there is no need to establish "integrity" necessary for business activities, so that some enterprises with high quality products will not dare to enter the market. Third, the acquisition is mainly undertaken by small traders. Due to the large fluidity, it is difficult to supervise and manage the plush quality and evade inspection. Fourth, due to the low level of classification and the poor price difference, the sheep producers did not have the initiative to improve the quality of wool from the production process.

Yang Suying analyzed: "there are three reasons for the decline of cashmere wool quality. First, it is related to the environment. Originally, sheep were mainly scattered, and now they are captive. There will be fighting between sheep and sheep, which will affect the quality. Secondly, it has something to do with breeding. It has something to do with sheep breeds. In order to increase the yield of wool, some sheep have been introduced. In addition, the quality of wool and cashmere has been reduced while improving the yield of single products. Finally, the shortage of technical personnel has also affected the quality problem. The loss of many professional and technical personnel has resulted in the decrease of the quality of cashmere wool produced. Yang Suying explained: "herdsmen are all looking for high profit meat sheep."

Chen Jiangtao introduced: "most of the grassland in China is now" three chemical "areas, and poisonous weeds are spreading. And pastoral areas rely on days to raise sheep, because there is no balanced high-quality feed supply. The law of "summer fertilizer, autumn Zhuang, winter wasting and spring death" has not changed completely, which not only led to the decline of the livestock, but also resulted in the decline of wool quality. Then there is the breed problem. At present, most pastoral areas are pending. Some production areas have not imported imported rams for 120 years, resulting in deterioration of their quality. These factors led to an increase in wool mixing, coarse cavities and dry dead hair. In some counties, 66 were 50%, accounting for only 30%.

　 Promoting the development of industry, the inspection institutions are in action.

Chen Jiangtao said that Qinghai, as the main production area of plush, is responsible for the supervision of fiber quality, and should do its best to fulfill this duty. In terms of raw materials, the Qinghai area has been notarized for the fine wool produced by the triangle city sheep breeding plant every 9 years, and has been helped to auction in Nanjing. Before that, the Delta city did not know that there was an auction market, which was priced and bought by traders in 2004.

The Qinghai Bureau of inspection and Quarantine has helped them learn how to sort wool and grade and train technicians to do technical services. Before the auction, notarization inspection was made, totaling about 6000000 yuan for the sheep factory. The unit price of the auction increased by 8 to 9 yuan compared with the local price.

Through the inspection of the technical services of the triangle city, the triangle city has played a leading role in the surrounding area. It has more than 100 tons per year and the number of main branches is 64 to 70 per year, which has been recognized by the Nanjing market. The original farmers and herdsmen are willing to join the sheep factory. By unified guidance and management, the sheep factory provides breeding technology to manage and divide different sheep. Unified guidance from aquaculture production, after sorting wool and cashmere, helps herdsmen to go to Nanjing and Zhangjiagang. Through these efforts, the triangle city itself has also gained profits.

In the area of cashmere notarization inspection, Qinghai Fiber Inspection Bureau has undertaken the national cashmere notarization inspection. At present, there are mainly four enterprises, and the annual inspection task is 1100 tons. Through the public inspection, solve the quality disputes for enterprises. Moreover, the Qinghai Bureau of inspection and Quarantine has also provided training for enterprises, technicians, inspecting gaze of enterprises and enterprises, providing guidance in technology, participating in equipment transformation of one of the enterprises, increasing cashmere extraction rate and upgrading cashmere quality through transformation.

Qinghai is the main producing area of plush, and the Qinghai Bureau of inspection and Quarantine has helped to revise the standard of Xining wool and yak hair. Among them, the Xining wool standard has won the three prize of science and technology fiber inspection. The Qinghai Bureau has also been awarded the advanced unit of scientific and technological fiber inspection. In addition, due to the particularity of Xining's wool, it is generally recognized as the best raw material for making carpet. In order to protect the quality of Xining's wool quality, we made good use of raw materials in the development of Tibetan carpet industry in Qinghai, and applied for the certification mark of Mao geographical indication of Xining and got the approval. To this end, in 2011, the Qinghai Bureau of inspection and quarantine received the award from the provincial government. Xinjiang Fiber Inspection Bureau has also made many efforts to improve the quality of wool cashmere. Over the years, the fiber inspection bureau of the autonomous region has organized the inspection institutions at all levels in the region to fully perform their functions, vigorously publicizing the "quality management measures for plush fibers" and GB 1523 - 1993 "sheep wool" and GB 18267 - 2000 "Cashmere" national standard, supervise the production, sale, purchase and use of wool and cashmere units (wool mills) strictly according to the requirements and national standards for wool and cashmere transactions, and through the compression of other channels of funds to subsidize the fine wool inspection work to carry out normal supervision and inspection and inspection work. In order to promote the comprehensive development of Xinjiang cashmere notarization and wool inspection, the Inspection Bureau of the autonomous region recently carried out business visits and investigation activities on the cashmere Notary Inspection and wool inspection related work. The visiting service group has carried out field service surveys on Tianshan wool textile Limited by Share Ltd, the Xinjiang technology company, Hua Chun Wool Textile Co., Ltd. and the Tianling animal husbandry company. The service survey involves the related policies and standards of plush fiber.

Suggestions for improvement in work and other service requirements for enterprises.

In Hebei, in order to serve cashmere wool manufacturers, the national cashmere products quality supervision and inspection center from April of this year negotiated with Alibaba, and successfully launched online shops in July, providing new ideas for cashmere quality inspection. In short, the trend of wool and cashmere products should be more high-end and get higher value-added products. China is an important producer of wool and cashmere in the world, but Australia and New Zealand pay more attention to the industry from the market, and the local wool production is more suitable for high-end products. Cashmere in China wool It still stays in the traditional thinking of quantity winning. In some areas, wool is even a by-product of mutton, which is very unfavorable to the development of wool cashmere.

It is understood that many business leaders are also calling on relevant departments to attach importance to the problem of falling quality of cashmere wool, and increase support for the wool and cashmere industry, so that the cashmere production is not only the largest, but also the real value of cashmere as "soft gold".